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【每週成語】
綠葉成蔭

楊愛民

成語:綠葉成蔭(LU YE CHENG YIN): Branches grow and scatter leaves; a woman who had married and had many progenies; many green leaves (offspring) ; a thick foliage forms a good shade (she has become a mother of many children: a young mother had many children; a woman has married and born children.
出處:唐,李牧的詩。
釋義:比喻一個已經結婚生子的年青婦人。
故事:唐朝時代有位詩人名李牧,家學淵源,自幼即有才名。杜牧祖父杜佑曾經做過兩代大官:唐德宗做司空,唐代宗做司徒。他性情剛直,不拘小節,但是卻勇於議論大事,並能正確的指出優點和缺點。他的詩情豪邁,語句驚人,當時的人將他與大詩人杜甫相比,稱杜甫為“大杜”,杜牧為“小杜”。
唐文宗太和末年,杜牧在潮州(今浙江潮州)遊覽,見一老嫗帶領一個少年女子走過,那女子只有十多歲,模樣生得非常美麗,是個傾國傾城的佳人。杜牧對她動了情,遂向老婆婆下聘,並約定十年為期。到時候如果他沒有出現,便由老婆婆自己作主。
後來杜牧在周墀刺史時,杜牧請求調職潮州。可是,當他到了潮州時已經過了14年了。他所聘的女子已經結婚三年,生了兩個孩子。杜牧非常遺憾。便作了這首恨別詩:“自是尋春去較遲,不須惆悵怨芳時,狂風落盡深紅色,綠葉成蔭子滿枝。”春天的花指是美麗的少女,埋怨自己去得太晚,沒有趕上花兒盛開。大風已經吹落了紅色的花朵,茂盛的綠葉下長滿了果實。比喻這女子已經嫁人,並生了孩子了。
用法:在十週年同學會上,張三問李四,“咱班上的那位校花怎麼沒有來,她現在怎麼樣?”李 四答,“她已經‘綠葉成蔭’子滿枝,有三個娃兒了。”
故事英譯:Mr. Du Mu, a famous poet in Tang Dynasty, was erudite through paternal teaching and a influent family. His grandfather had been two times of high ranking officials in two generations of sovereign: one was the domestic minister of Emperor De and the other was economic minister of Emperor Dai. Du Mu was upright and did not care about tiny matters, but he was brave to discuss the important events, and could point out the advantages and shortcomings. His Poems are filled with courage and surprised sentences. The contemporaries liked to compare him with the famous poet Du Fu: called Du Fu “Large Du” and Du Mu the “Little Du”.
In the last year of Emperor Ren of Tang Dynasty, when Du Mu was travelling at Hu Zhou (Hu Zhou City of Zhe Jiang Province today), he suddenly saw an old woman with a teenager girl passing by, the young lady attracted his attention because she was extremely beautiful. Du Mu was dreadful emotional to her, so he sent betrothal money for making a contract with the old woman, and wrote down on a piece of paper clearly that the time of 10 years was the limitation, if he had not appeared within the limited contracted date, the girl’s marriage could be autonomously arranged by the old woman herself, and Du Mu could not say anything to refuse it.
Afterward, Du Mu, the governor of Zhou Chi, later applied to transfer his post to Hu Zhou and was permitted by the court. However, he reached Zhou Chi the time had passed over 14 years. His “fiancée” had been married and delivered two children. Du Fu felt very regretful and could do nothing but wrote a melody poem to express his resentment.
“It’s too late to visit the spring.
Don’t be resentment to enjoy nothing of the blossom.
The deep red flowers have been blown down by wild wind.
The branches grow and scatter leaves with fruits.”
The poem is a metaphor to writing spring flowers as a young girl (his lover). The writer hated himself neglecting the limited time therefore it’s too late to visit the full blossoms. When he awakes to enjoy the good time of blossoms the red beautiful flowers had been blown down the ground and the branches had grown and scattered green leaves and born many fruits.


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