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【每週成語】
投鞭斷流

楊愛民

成語:投鞭斷流(TOU BIAN DUAN LIU): The whips threw into the river by the soldiers can block its flowing—means that he has giant troops; arms enough to stem the stream; formidable army; if the soldiers threw their whips into the river, it would be enough to stem the current—a big arm; an army strong in numbers; throw whips into the stream to stop its flowing. A quotation of Fu Jian: “If each of my mounted troops threw in his whip, the flow of the river will be stopped.” (Used boastfully by an invading army to intimidate the defenders.)
出處:晉書,符堅載記下。
釋義:在軍事上用此成語誇示自己的軍隊龐大,將士眾多,用以威脅敵人壯大自己。商場上壟斷市場亦可用投鞭斷流成語。
故事:中國在東晉時代,黃河以北地區都給北方五個少數民族割據了,它們是匈奴、鮮卑、氐、羌、及羯。 它們分別先後建立了一些國家。後來氐族符姓人名堅者建立了一個秦國,歷史上稱為符秦或前秦。前秦君主符堅知人善任,他任用漢族人王猛為宰相。王猛是一位偉大的政治家,幫助符堅建立了很多良好的政治基礎,這使前秦成為一個強國,併吞了許多小國,統治了黃河以北整個地區,變成東晉唯一的對抗敵手。東晉被符堅打敗後撤退至長江以南地區,此時東晉十分衰弱,而強秦統治者符堅的大志是併吞東晉,繼而統一整個中國。在符堅的大軍大舉南下之前,他的族弟符融,亦是他的大臣,勸阻他說,“東晉是漢族統一的中國象徵,同時具長江天然險固,又有老百姓的擁護,我們不應該向它發動侵略的。”可是,符堅仗恃國力強盛,兵馬眾多,便很傲慢地回答說,“我統領著這百萬大軍,每個士兵將他的馬鞭投入長江水裡,就足以截斷長江的水流,我的軍士就可以踏著鞭橋度過長江,有什麼天險可恃?”
後來不久,符堅傾全國兵力和東晉軍隊在淝水地區(今安徽合肥附近)進行決戰。結果出乎意外地符堅的百萬大軍被東晉謝玄領導的8萬精兵大得落花流水。符秦不久便四分五裂解體了。東晉得以暫時安定下來,而中國免於被異族滅亡的命運。
用法:用以形容陣容強大的族群、集團、或軍隊;如一個資金雄厚的貿易集團,想在非洲某國設立公司,總裁勉勵部署說,我們不管到哪裡,都是 “投鞭斷流”,堅無不攻的。
故事英譯:During the Era of East Jin Dynasty, the northern area of Yellow River had been invaded and occupied by northern five tribes: the Huns, the Xian Bi, the Di, the Qiang, and the Jie. Each of the five tribes established separately several states in China successively. Among them, a man named Jian, surnamed Fu of Di Tribe, built a state called’ Qin State, and it was called Fu Qin or Former Qin in China History. Fu Jian was the outstanding and capable ruler of Former Qin, and Fu Jian was good in knowing subordinates and knew how to assign them to be commensurate with their abilities. King Fu Jian assigned Wang Meng, a Han Nationality, and a great politician as his premier to help him to have built many political foundations, which made Qin State a strong country and it swallowed many small states and occupied all the territories of north of the Yellow River, and became Qin as the only opposite counterpart strong enemy against East Jin, which was defeated by Fu Jian and retreated to southern part of Yangtze River. In the meantime, East Jin was a quite weak country; while the ruler of the strong Qin Fu Jian’s ambition was to annex and unite the whole China. Meanwhile Premier Wang Meng had died. Before Fu Jian started to lead his great troops of so claimed one million men moving to the South, his one cabinet minister, also his cousin, named Fu Rong, dissuaded him and said, “Kingdom Jin (East Jin) was the symbol of the traditional Whole Chinese, the United Han Nationality, and had the Yangtze River as its natural defense barrier, and was supported by all its people, we should not launch the invasion war on it.” However, Fu Jian relied on that he had strong national power, his regime was superpower, and had overwhelmingly troops, so he replied arrogantly, “I’m leading the great army with one million service men going to attack the troops of Jin, each of my men throw their whip into the water of Yangtze River, the water flow must be blocked, and then my soldiers would be able go through the whip Bridge to the other side. What does it have any natural precipitous defense barrier to be boasted?”
Not long afterward, Fu Jian put all his whole national troops announced one million of arms men to start a decisive war at Fei River Area ( Near He Fei , An Hui Province today) , fighting against the troops of East Jin which was about 8 hundred thousand men and commanded by General Xie Xuan. Fu Jian’s great troops of one million men were unexpectedly defeated badly by minor but selected ones of Xie Xuan’s. Not long afterward, Fu Qin State was disintegrated and destroyed, and East Jin could be existed peacefully temporarily. As a result China could avoid to be eliminated by foreign tribes.



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