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【每週成語】
出類拔萃

楊愛民

成語:出類拔萃(CHU LEI BA CUI): Outstanding; prominent; far surpassing others; extraordinary; remarkable; exceptional; distinguished; superior; superlative.
出處:孟子,公孫醜篇。
釋義:形容一個人在品德學問各方面都超出別人。
故事:孟子是繼承孔子學說的人,所以他對孔子推崇備至。有一次,孟子的學生公孫丑要求孟子將古代的伯夷(商朝賢人,曾與弟弟叔齊推讓皇帝位),伊尹(商朝賢相)和孔子作一比較。孟子說明三人的不同處後,借用孔子的學生有若的話來作答复,“有若說,‘如果將孔子和普通百姓作比較,那正像麒麟與其他走獸、鳳凰之與其他飛鳥、泰山之比較於小石堆、江海之與溝中之水,確實都是同類的,而孔子與其他人都屬於同一人類,不過,他在學問、道德上都高人一等;就像一株特別出眾的草站立於雜草中,他是出類拔萃的。’”
這就是說,自古聖人都是與眾不同的,而孔子尤其是獨一無二空前的聖人,比伯夷、伊尹偉大多了。
用法:張三5歲的兒子,是一個天生的小舞蹈家,在學校裡表演舞蹈,“出類拔萃”,令人震驚。
故事英譯:Mencius is the one who succeeds the theory of Confucius, so he respected Confucius extremely highly. Once upon a time, Gong Sun-Chou, a student of Mencius, asked Mencius to compare the ancient sages Bo Yi (Bo Yi, the sage of Shang Dynasty, and his brother Shu Qi yielded the emperor’s post each other) and Yi Yin (an excellent premier of Shang Dynasty) with Confucius. After explanation of their differences among the three, Gong Sun-Chou borrowed the words of You Ruo, a student of Confucius to reply, “You Ruo said, ‘If let Confucius be compared with common people, it’s just like to let Kirin be compared with common animals; phoenix be compared with other birds; Mt. Tai Shan be compared with a pile of rocks; and let water in oceans and seas be compared with the water in gulches; that they all are the similar categories and Confucius with other people are originally belonging to the similar human beings, but he is much higher in knowledge and virtue than common people; like a special superior grass stands above all other wild grasses;he is extraordinary. Since human beings appeared in the world, there is no other one who overpassed Confucius.’”
It means that since ancient time saints are different with common people, and Confucius is unique unprecedented sage, of course, he is much greater than Bo Yi and Yi Yin.



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