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【每週成語】
孶蔓難圖

楊愛民

成語:孳(滋)蔓難圖 (ZI MAN NAN TU): One can’t control a vine which has multiply sprawled everywhere—it will be too late to deal with an enemy which has already grown too strong (or in strength). If let vines grows too lushly, they would not be removed easily.
出處:左傳,隱公四年。
釋義:藤類植物如果任它自由蔓延開來,再想除去就很困難了--比喻讓敵人坐大後再想打敗它就困難了。
故事:春秋時代,鄭國的君主鄭武公有兩個兒子,都是姜氏所生。可是,姜氏只喜歡小兒子共叔段。她要求武公立共叔段為世子,但被武公拒絕了。武公死後,他的大兒子做了國君,即鄭莊公。姜氏要求鄭莊公封制地(今河南記縣)給共叔段為采邑。又要求制“京”地為共叔段的封地。雖然大臣都表示反對,可是,鄭莊公不得不滿足他母親的要求。大夫祭仲對莊公說,“姜氏哪有滿足的時候?不如早點想辦法解決問題,否則,等到蔓延開來就難辦了。蔓草尚且無法剷除,何況國君的兄弟呢!” 莊公說,“讓他做壞事夠多的時候,他自然會滅亡的,你等著瞧吧!”
後來,共叔段果然密謀造反,於是莊公領兵討伐,擊敗共叔段,共叔段被迫自殺。
用法:張三的兒子到外地讀初中,乏人管教,結黨吸毒,被友人李四發現。李四對張三說,“你兒子已經誤入歧途,趕快設法矯正,否則,‘孶蔓難圖’,後果將不堪設想。”
故事英譯:During the Era of Spring and Autumn, Lord of Dukedom Zheng had two sons who were all delivered from Madame Jiang. However, Madame Jiang only favored her youngest son Gong Shu Duan and asked her husband, Duke Wu, to bestow Gong Shu Duan as the crowned prince, but her request was refused by Duke Wu. After Duke Wu’s death, their elder son ascended to the throne as Duke Zhuang of Zheng. Madame Jiang asked Duke Zhuang to feudalize Zhi Area (Ji county, He Nan today) as the fief of Gong Shu Duan, and again demanded Duke Zhuang to give the “capital” adjacent territory as the feud of Gong Shu Duan. Although her requests were opposed by important courtiers, but Duke Zhang could not but satisfy his mom’s demand. A minister named Ji Zhong said to Duke Zhuang, “How could Madame Jiang be satisfied? It’s better to solve the problem early, otherwise, if it sprawled widely, it’s hard to deal with. Even the vines could not be removed if it creeped everywhere and lushly. Besides, he is Lord’s brother!” Duke Zhuang said,” Let him do evil things enough, he would be destroyed naturally and you may wait and see!”
Afterward, truly Gong Shu Duan conspired against the central government and as a result, Duke Zhuang led forces to defeat him, and he was forced to commit suicide.


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