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【楊愛民】
依樣葫蘆

楊愛民

成語:依樣葫蘆(YI YANG HU LU): to draw a gourd from the model; copy something mechanically without attempt at originality; Monkey-see-monkey-do;one just knows how to mimic others’ methods or style when is doing things;one sticks to old rules or regulations.
出處:宋,翰林學士陶穀的一首詩。
釋義:一個人做事只知模仿別人的方式或方法,不會創新,沒有自己的方法。
故事:陶穀,字秀實,南北朝時代周人。他學問淵博,文章寫得很好。到了宋朝,他發現宋太祖趙匡胤對一些辦公文寫文章的臣子,包括陶穀他自己這個翰林學士在內,都不太重視。陶穀就請調離翰林院。太祖卻說,“這種工作很難應付,因為他們必須比照葫蘆畫葫蘆。你姑且做著吧。”陶穀嘴裡不敢說什麼,但是心裡確實不痛快。
有一天,陶穀在翰林院的牆壁上題了一首詩,來發洩自己心中的牢騷。詩曰:“官職有來須與做,才能用處不憂無;堪笑翰林陶學士,一生依樣畫葫蘆。”
後來宋太祖看見這首詩,就格外不喜歡他了,始終沒有重用他。
根據陶穀的這首詩一句話“依樣畫葫蘆”,延伸出此成語,比喻一個人只知模仿他人,或拘泥陳規,不知改革創新。
用法:張三自稱是畫馬大師,其實他只是 “依樣葫蘆”而已。
故事英譯:Tao Gu, styled Xiu Shi, was born in Zhou State of North-South Dynasty. He was erudite scholar and was good in composition. When Song Dynasty rose up, he found that Emperor Tai Zu of Song, Zhao Kuang Yin, didn’t pay much attention to the literary courtiers who wrote documents and articles including Tao Gu himself. Therefore Tao Gu applied to leave the Imperial Academy. Anyway, Emperor Tai Zu said, “Such works of officials is difficult to deal with, for they have to copy it according its pattern. You are better stay on the post tentatively. ” Tao Gu dared not to speak out anything, but he was really displeased in his heart.
One day, Tao Gu wrote a poem on the wall of the Imperial Academy for grumbling his unhappiness.
“Was appointed at the post and have to do the work matching with the post; and don’t worry about being short of capability when my talent is needed to fit my job. I’m a scholar of the Imperial Academy, I should make fun on myself, only draw a gourd from its model with all my life.”
Emperor Tai Zu of Song, seeing the poem of Tao Gu, more disliked him and never gave him any important position all along.
According one sentence from the poem of Tao Gu,“to draw a gourd from another gourd”, extended to a meaning that one only knows to copy something from others, or stick to obey old rules, don’t know how to innovate.


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