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【楊愛民】
鹿死誰手

楊愛民

成語:鹿死誰手(LU SI SHUI SHOU): who will win the prize; it’s hard to tell who will emerge the victor; who is the one to kill the deer; who will win; at whose hand will the deer die; who will gain supremacy.
出處:晉書,石勒傳。
釋義:甲乙雙方競爭一個目標,在未分勝負前,往往說“鹿死誰手”尚在未定之天。鹿指政權,逐鹿就是打天下。一方顯然居於下風時,為了不服氣,往往會說,“鹿死誰手”還不一定呢!
故事:東晉時候,五個北方的胡族人,中國人稱他們是胡人,他們是歐亞大陸大草原上的游牧民族:匈奴、鮮卑、氐、羌、及羯。這五胡於公元318-420年侵入中國並佔領中國北方,造成混亂,中國人稱為“五胡亂華”。當時,有個名石勒的羯族人初住并州(今山西太原)。後來并州鬧起飢荒,石勒難以生活,就賣給別人當奴隸。他的主人見他儀表不凡,對他特別優待。後來竟然免除了他的奴籍。石勒恢復自由後,投到匈奴族酋長劉淵的帳下。劉淵後來僭稱帝號,建立漢國。傳位至劉曜時,改國號為趙(史稱前趙)。石勒後來背叛了前趙,自立為帝,依然沿用趙國國號(史稱後趙)。後趙的國勢在五胡16國中是最強的。石勒是一個自命不凡的人物,他曾經在公開場合誇口說,“倘若我和漢高祖( 西漢開國皇帝)生在同一個時代,我自認不能和他爭高下。但是,如果我遇到漢武帝(東漢開國皇帝),我將和他在中原逐鹿,比一比本事,那時不知道鹿死誰手呢!”
漢代初期,有說客蒯通者曾經說過這樣的話,“秦帝失去了他的鹿,天下英雄豪傑都起來追逐。” 蒯通把鹿比作秦國的江山。石勒所說的“不知鹿死誰手”就是不知道誰會贏得天下。他的比喻即起源於蒯通的話。
用法:打乒乓球的人雖然已經露出敗跡,但尚未服輸,常常愛用這句話“鹿死誰手”還言之過早!
故事英譯:In the period of East Jin, five northern indigenous tribes which are called Hu People by Chinese: they are the Huns, the Xian Bi, the Di, the Qiang, and the Jie. The Five Hus invaded China and occupied the territories of northern China (318-420 AD) one after another, and caused China in chaos, which was called “the Chaos of Five Hu Tribes (the nomadic people in the European-Asian Prairie)”. In the meantime, there was a man of Tribe Jie, named Shi Lei, lived first at Bing Zhou (Tai Yuan, Shanxi Province today), when Bing Zhou suffered from famine afterward, Shi Lei couldn’t be able to earn a livelyhood, so he could not but sell himself as a slave of the buyer. Shi Lei’s owner found that his appearance was distinguished, so was treated well and preferentially by his owner. Finally, the owner removed Shi Lei’s slave’s identity. After returning a free man, Shi Lei went to seek a position at Liu Yuan’s tent, who was the leader of the Huns. Afterward, Liu Yuan usurped the throne of Post-Han. The title of Post-Han was passed to Lui Yao, who changed the name of reign as Zhao (Historians called it Former-Zhao). Shi Lei betrayed Former-Zhao and crowned himself as the emperor; his country was still named Zhao (Historians called it Post-Zhao). The power of Post-Zhao was the strongest among the 16 states of the 5 Hu Tribes. Shi Lei was a figure who prided himself on being out of the ordinary; he had boasted and described himself in front of the public, “If I and Gao Zu of Han (the first emperor of Han Dynasty) were born being the contemporaries, I confess that I couldn’t compete with him. However, I were born in the same generation with Emperor Guang Wu (the first emperor of East Han), I’d be able to race for the throne of the empire with him and it’s hard to tell at whose hand the deer will die (no one knows who will win the prize, or who will be able to ascend the throne. )
At the beginning of Han Dynasty, there was a persuasive negotiator named Kuai Tong, who had said the following sentences, ”the emperor of Qin lost his deer, all the heroes and outstanding characters in the state got up to run after it.” Kuai Tong took the deer as the throne of Qin Dynasty, took chasing the deer as to struggle for winning the power of government. The saying of Shi Lei had it’s hard to tell at whose hand the deer will die meant that didn’t know who would win the final victory of getting the throne. Shi Lei’s saying was originated from Kuai Tong’s words.


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