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【楊愛民】
薏苡明珠

楊愛民

成語:薏苡明珠(YI YI MING ZHU): Job’s tears; coix pearls; coix seeds; to do somebody an injustice with groundless quilt (bribery); defame someone with a false slander, to suffer injustice and be vilified; accuse one falsely for receiving bribery’
出處:後漢書,馬援傳。
釋義:薏仁米可食用、釀酒、入藥。凡被人以貪污名義冤屈、醜化、誣衊者,則可以說是“薏苡明珠”。梧桐夜雨詞淒絕,薏苡明珠謗偶然。(清,陳彝尊酬洪昇詩。)
故事:馬援是扶風茂陵人氏(今陝西寶雞扶風縣),在軍閥隗囂手下做官。後來,馬援歸漢,並為漢光武立下不少功勞。不過,因為他曾背叛舊主,光武帝有點輕視他。所以,儘管馬援一生盡忠漢朝,也未得到什麼特殊贏得的待遇。
建武24年,威武將軍劉尚在武陵地方遠征中戰敗,馬援當時雖然已經62高齡,仍然自報奮勇願意接替劉尚去完成遠征任務。可是,因為天氣炎熱潮濕,在行軍途中官兵病死的人日益增多,馬援自己也患了嚴重的熱帶病。在此情況下,他的任務當然無法完成。馬援遭遇不利的消息傳至皇帝的耳朵裡,光武帝急忙派遣梁松將軍趕赴前線戰場,詰問馬援,並監督馬援的軍事。不過,當梁松到達馬援的軍營時,馬援已經病死。以前梁松與馬援就有嫌隙,所以梁松捏造一些污衊馬援的話向皇帝報告。光武帝閱讀梁松的報告後,非常憤怒,竟然剝奪了馬援的侯爵。
馬援初住交趾時,常吃薏仁米,這種食物有祛除濕氣和瘴氣的作用。南方的薏仁米特別大而優,所以他回家的時候,特別載了一大車薏米仁回來。
毀謗者指著那薏仁米說,“那是他從南方帶回的珠寶。”當時在朝野的高官顯貴,都想分一杯羹。然而,在馬援生前,無人敢對馬援的清廉敢說三道四。如今,馬援死了,他們很多人向皇帝上書,說馬援從南方帶回來很多珠寶。光武帝聽了誹謗更加憤怒,以至於馬援的家屬恐懼不敢公開地辦理馬援的葬禮。嗚呼哀哉!冤哉枉也!
用法:愛國獎券末期,盛傳有“薏苡明珠”之嫌。某某期屬於某貴人,某某期屬於某高官,結果,停止發行,才使 此“薏苡明珠”謠傳煙消雲散。
故事英譯: Mr. Ma Yuan was a citizen of Mao Ling District, Fu Feng County ( Fu Feng County, Baoji City, Shanxi 陝西Province today), a follower of Wei Xiao, a local overlord. Afterward, Ma Yuan converted to Han Empire, and completed a lot of merits for Emperor Guang Wu. However, because of having the history of betraying his old lord (Wei Xiao), Emperor Guang Wu had somewhat intention to belittle at him. Therefore, in spite of having been loyal to Han Empire for a life, but he hadn’t got special treatment that was deserved by him.
In the 24th year of Jian Wu (a reign title of Emperor Guang Wu), General Wu Wei, named Liu Shang, was defeated in an expedition for conquering a local tribe in Wu Ling Area, General Ma Yuan wanted to be a volunteer to substitute General Liu Shang to complete the expedition. However, due to the hot and moisture weather on the march, the death rate of the officers and soldiers who suffered from diseases increased day by day and Ma Yuan was also suffering from a tropical disease seriously. Of course in such a situation, his duty was failed. The setback information Ma Yuan suffered reached Emperor Guang Wu’s ears, the emperor dispatched General Liang Song went to the frontline battlefield urgently to censure Ma Yuan and supervised Ma Yang’s military affairs. However, when Liang Song reached Ma’s camp, Ma Yuan had died of a disease. There was grudge between Ma Yuan and Liang Song previously, so Liang Song made up some slanders of Ma Yuan in his report to Emperor Guang Wu, after reading the report of Liang Song, the emperor was very angered and actually deprived the title of Ma Yuan’s Marquis.
Originally Ma Yuan resided in Jiao Zhi and always ate coix seeds (Job’s tears), which is a kind of food for removing moisture and miasma. The coix-seeds in southern area of China were special big and good, so when he went home, he brought back a carriage of coix seeds.
Those slanderers pointed the coix seeds, said, “That was the pearls and jewels which were brought back from the south.” Meanwhile, the VIPs in the court all wanted to have a share. However, before Ma Yuan’s death, no one dared to say over something about Ma Yuan’s honesty and clean. Now, they learned that Ma Yuan had died, many of them offered letters to the emperor that Ma Yuan had bought back a whole carriage of pearls and jewels from the south. Emperor Guang Wu was more angered after hearing the slanders. Ma Yuan’s family members were too afraid to take place of My Yuan’s funeral openly. Alas! Be wronged!


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